191-206. called her Koreas own Rachel Dolezal.. The Korean Wave: Korean Pop Culture in Global Context, http://seoulbeats.com/2013/08/g-dragon-in-blackface-controversy/. Cultural appropriation is not just symbolically harmful. This is to say nothing of Chet Hankss egregious patois accent flouted on the red carpet at the Golden Globes, which he defended as only a man born into wealth and power could. Feature Flags: { Hip Hop also drives significant parts of global culture, and All Def leverages this truth every day. I think appropriation has a bit of a bad rap, says Lauren Michele Jackson, author of the new book White Negroes: When Cornrows Were in Vogueand Other Thoughts on Cultural Appropriation (Beacon Press). According to Oxford Dictionary, cultural appropriation is defined as the inappropriate adoption of the customs of one people by members of a more dominant people. "useRatesEcommerce": false Instead of educating and spreading knowledge about different cultures and practices, the way cultural exchange does, cultural appropriation is detrimental because it enables others to profit off of the aspects of a culture while the social, political, and economic state of those who have produced show more content In my opinion, the answer is no. "Hip hop emerged out of cross-generational, cross-cultural, cross-racial, and cross-national forms of cultural appropriation, mixing, and acculturation," Jackson says. : Black Popular Culture in the Twenty-First Century , edited by Simone C. Drake and Dwan K. Henderson, New York, USA: Duke University Press, 2020, pp. Miley Cyrus twerking on stage is very conspicuous. She brands herself as a legal and marketing consultant in Seoul by day and Korean culture blogger by night. On her blog, she often writes about her life in Seoul as a black woman and happenings on the K-hip-hop scene. Its not as though wearing basketball jerseys in a music video automatically makes it guilty of cultural appropriation. For one, the lyrics feature very little words (in English or Korean) in favor of chants and yells. CLs most recent solo release, Hello Bitches, features the New Zealand-based ReQuest Dance Crew. Truedys flow and aesthetic led people to believe she was of both Korean and black descent. KoreasK-pop could be a twin of American mainstream media. Theres also a common tendency to avoid any kind of controversy with its Japanese counterparts, Choi said. Whether the music offends certain minority groups or paints a negative image of them, it doesnt matter so long as those groups arent from a main market group. Choi noted how the history of Korea vastly differs from the history of America, for example. Korea was colonized by Japan, and they are still suffering from the colonial history, she said. ELITE COMPETITION AND PERFORMANCE. Think of it like theParent Trap: The two share very similar featurescatchy music, visual appeal, and strong fanbasesbut maintain their own cultural identities. The word " appropriation" gets a bad rap. When it comes to international fans, its not even American fansor Western fans in generalthat make up the majority, Choi said. I was part of a dance company when I was younger and with quarantine I became depressed and I picked it back up again. Chois dual definition of K-pop extends to artists outside the idol world as well, which includes rapper Truedy. Competition & Performance Teams. Currently the DI curriculum consists of styles such as Bollywood, Jazz, Hip Hop, Salsa, and Contemporary Dance. Are You Entertained? But if thats not enough to convince you, perhaps its time for a condensed history lesson. ), Choreographing Difference: The Body and Identity in Contemporary Dance. We dont really talk about people who depended on a Blackness of their own imagination to become the avant-garde, she says. } It is a method of perpetuating the racist systems and attitudes that hold marginalized communities back while propelling the privileged toward more fame, wealth, and success. Its making something appropriate to another purpose. It might not be a big deal but I want to do the right thing. PRESCHOOL & CHILDREN AND TEENS DANCE PROGRAM. View all Google Scholar citations We dont really talk about people who depended on a Blackness of their own imagination to become the avant-garde, [Lauren Michele Jackson] says.. We are all foreigners.. By analyzing K-pop singer G-Dragon's (GD) music videos, this paper argues that Koreans' appropriation of American culture is neither minstrelsy nor postcolonial mimicry. which is why her dance moves are seen as culturally insensitive (Zink, 2016). You might recognize the group for their dancing in Justin BiebersPurpose: The Movement videos for Sorry and What Do You Mean?. Groups like Shinee are affiliated with Avex Group, a popular Japanese entertainment company, and regularly release title tracks geared for Japanese fans. Honoring the creative impulse invites us to take greater responsibility not only for what we make, but to delve deeper into those who have inspired our ideas as well as hip other people to the original source material. Cultural Appropriation. More recently Jalailah Harmon, 14, was finally given credit for creating the Renegade, one of the most viral dances online after her moves were copied and shared on TikTok uncredited by popular white influencers. Dancers will be taught different choreographed steps, rhythms, and freestyle movements from Broadway and/or popular music videos. Elite Program designed for dancers who want to experience and prepare for the professional world of dance. While K-pop is gaining traction in America, the fact that its stateside fanbase is primarily teenage girls cant compete with the young adults and professionals who make up a substantial demographic in the Korean fandom. And more than anyone, Hip Hop speaks to youth. I REALLY love hip hop dance. The widespread use of AAVE outside of its native speech community can be explained, in part, by the popularity of hip-hop music and the widespread use of social media platforms. Just like the Afro hair, cornrows, and other aspects of black culture, films like Step Up use cultural appropriation to give white folk license to use the culture of other communities without drawing flak for it, while at the same time shaming those communities for the same cultural traits. Dancing Desires: Choreographing Sexualities On and Off the Stage, East Asian Pop Culture: Analyzing the Korean Wave, K-POP: Roots and Blossoming of Korean Popular Music, Hybridity, or the Cultural Logic of Globalization, Performing Asian America: Race and Ethnicity on the Contemporary Stage, Orientals: Asian Americans in Popular Culture. The biggest hurdle to clear is shared by Korean fans and entertainment companiesthey dont appear to care about fallout from cultural appropriation. Has data issue: true I don't want to give up something I absolutely love doing that has literally saved me from depression but if I have to stop I will. The essay takes on notions of cultural appropriation in the actual performance of dances as well as in the process of documenting and preserving the choreography of such other-than-classical forms as flamenco, hip-hop and Latin popular dances. bell hooks ( 1992 ), for instance, attests that Madonna, as a racially unmarked body, exoticizes and exploits black culture through her music videos. for this article. The profound effect of digital media culture on the speech of young white people demonstrates the potential for digital media to radically alter common vernacular English. Social media has amplified the conversation around appropriation as groups historically relegated to the margins have become integral voices in shaping the mainstream discourse. Is there too much cultural appropriation going on in hip-hop?Subscribe: http://m.alldef.co/AllDefMusicSubCheck out our TopVideos: http://m.alldef.co/AllDefMusicTopVideos CONNECT WITH ALL DEF MUSIC https://twitter.com/AllDefMusichttp://instagram.com/AllDefMusichttps://www.facebook.com/All-Def-Musihttps://soundcloud.com/AllDefMusic#LoveHate #AllDefMusicAbout All Def Music: All Def Music's mission is to bring a voice to the voiceless by focusing on artists who are defining the next up in Hip Hop.All Def is a multi-platform media company leveraging the cultural power of Hip-Hop, Comedy, Poetry and Social Justice.Hip Hop transcends age, class, gender and geography. CL, the leader of YG Entertainments girl group 2NE1 is often under fire for the music videos she releases. OTHER DANCE SERVICES. When defining cultural appropriation, Choi . This can be especially dangerous due to the distortion and disconnection of a culture's custom from its roots. Western audience reception of K-pop is likely limited to framing K-pop either as a form of contemporary minstrelsy or a postcolonial mimicry, e.g., making fun of African American culture or a bad copy of American pop. This perspective, however, understands K-pop through the lens of American culture and only considers external signs of the performances. White American pop singers' appropriation of African American culture, such as the works of Madonna, Eminem, or more recently, Miley Cyrus, have been criticized. But its on the fans too, according to Gabriel. Also check out Jive Time Records ( 3506 Fremont Ave N) in Fremont and Easy Street Records ( 4559 California Ave SW) in West Seattle. Cultural Appropriation In Hip-Hop. But in the quest for a hard-hitting single, all too often artists become guilty ofcultural appropriationa nagging issue plaguing the genres evolution. Sometimes the cases are much more blatant, and in those instances, fans respondespecially those who feel directly offended. As a huge advocate for BLM this absolutely broke my heart and tbh I'm shaking as I write this. We usually only talk about appropriation in flagrant cases, but in and of itself appropriation is not the big bad. Concepts act as a major differentiation between American pop artists and Korean pop artists. Since being first discovered two decades ago, scientists have begun to investigate the role mirror neurons could play in the imitation of language, sounds, actions, and ideas. Very often, xenophobia is [used] to defend ourselves against these foreigners, Choi said. I REALLY love hip hop dance. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. In addition to her work at the Daily Dot, her reporting has appeared in the Daily Texan. The notion of Cultural appropriation is controversial; It is misinterpreted as a restriction on engaging with other cultures. Just like in any romantic relationship, little things matter: Its a subtle means of perpetuating stereotypes and taking from an appearance that belongs to someone else. The people of the culture they use become voiceless, Choi told the Daily Dot. Out of Line: On Hip Hop and Cultural Appropriation | by Cyan D'Anjou | Medium 500 Apologies, but something went wrong on our end. Its never helpful and always harmfulat least to and for black communities and black people, Gabriel said. Being a fast-growing global presence, it only makes sense that K-pop would learn and borrow from one of the most successful music industries in the world. Gabriel lives in Seoul, but hails from Austin, Texas. Cultural Appropriation in Hip-Hop Hip-Hop is more than a musical genre. It is something that cannot be stopped, prevented, or fought against. "Global Street Dance and Libidinal Economy." Paper and lecture, SDHS/CORD 2015 Dance Studies Conference, Athens, Greece, June 7, 2015.C So my last chunky post 'Historical Recreation': Fat Suits, Blackface and Dance has kind of hit like a ton of bricks. The area where appropriation becomes an issue is when you look at the imbalance in power in society and start to observe who gets to call claim to a certain intellectual property, who gets to be credited for things that they make or innovate, and who doesnt, Jackson says. It drives the content behind our most popular films, TV programming and even our Broadway shows. called her Koreas own Rachel Dolezal.. An older, but classic example of brazen cultural appropriation is girl group T-aras 2010 release of YaYaYa. The title track offends Native American culture on a multitude of levels. If were talking Korean popular music, theres more to it than just pop, Choi said. Taken out of the laboratory, we can see this phenomenon play out in everyday acts of appropriation such the viral transit of the latest word or turn of phrase, a fresh new ingredient or cooking technique, a dance move or pose that seamlessly works its way into pre-existing choreography. This is done in an attempt to express an understanding of urban Black Americans, the demographic at the core of hip-hop culture. Stereotypical gestures make up the choreography, including T-aras members bobbing their hands over their mouths and prancing around an attractive male tied to a pole. I'm looking for legit advice and I don't know where else to turn. Unlike the Americans, it was Korea that was conquered by others. While frequently referred to as a singular dance style, Hip Hop dance is part of a whole culture of Hip Hop, that includes Deejaying, Graffiti, Emceeing, and Breaking. Referencing the CL/Quran controversy, Choi pointed out that despite the international Muslim fan reaction, it took an official complaint from a Korean Muslim group to elicit any kind of response from YG Entertainment. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. I dont think the industry is affected by anything, Gabriel said. Is there too much cultural appropriation going on in hip-hop?Subscribe: http://m.alldef.co/AllDefMusicSubCheck out our TopVideos: http://m.alldef.co/AllDefMu. 23 September 2014. In the past, CL has also struggled with cultural appropriation claims. Dance Identity was founded in March of 2009 to teach dance in a professional environment with a structured curriculum. According to an article by (Rodriguez,2006), the notion of color blindness appropriates Hip-Hop. You need to respect other cultures and you need to properly convey their cultural values.. With a panoply of perspectives weighing in everyday, it seems as though every week another celebrity, fashion house, or influencer makes headlines for appropriating other cultures in a manner that exposes the power imbalance. When defining cultural appropriation, Choi called it [taking] an element of another culture for your own use or advantage. That entails the economic profits and reputation, but leaves the responsibility of conveying that culture and the meanings behind it, she said. Drawing on theories from performance studies, dance studies, and critical race studies, this paper explores the ways in which Korean pop (K-pop)'s appropriation of hip-hop reveals a complex moment of global cultural flow. K-pop is considered the Hallyu waveit represents Korea worldwidebut by no means does it accurately depict its day-to-day culture. In her 2013 single Baddest Female, she presents herself wearing grills and gold chains. Since I started dancing again, I've noticed a huge change in my attitude. Yet its not uncommon for people to think its normal for Korean men to wear makeup the way male idols do, Choi said. In his discussion of Canadian, Dutch, and French rap Adam Krims (2000) noted the prevailing image of African-American hip-hop as ''real'' hip-hop.1 African-American artists often extend this image of the authentic to frame hip-hop as a black expressive culture facing appropriation by a Sherry Tucci is a fandom reporter who specializes in Korean pop culture and anime. When it comes to cultural appropriation, the entertainment companies are the ones to blame, according to Jennifer Gabriel, author of Korean culture blog Western Girl Eastern Boy. Its an ethical issue, Choi noted. Theres millions to be made riding the coattails of American pop culture. Its Japanese fans. We usually only talk about appropriation in flagrant cases, but in and of itself appropriation is not the big bad. Its more fitting to call her a K-hip-hop artist as opposed to a K-pop idol, but it doesnt discount the fact that the musician is guilty of appropriation. In K-pop, groups often adopt a concept or theme when promoting their singles (known more regionally as title tracks). Our classes follow a systematic structure and curriculum in . Fearing backlash and blackballing/blacklisting, this is why DJ Khaled and French Montana - among others - were not proudly displaying their heritage at the start of their careers. Netflixs Pinocchio embodies the best of animation, Netflixs Sr. is a personal (albeit unfocused) view into a beloved counterculture director, Review: Willow introduces us to a new generationand a new threat, *First Published: Apr 2, 2016, 12:24 pm CDT, Omona They Didnt! In 2014, the backlash came raining down after her solo track MTBD (short for Mental Breakdown) was released on 2NE1s Crushalbum. An artist might appropriate an ancient symbol in. But just like in the Parent Trap, they inevitably meet. You dont see more diversity in K-pop, be it the people producing idols or debuting as idols, she said. They are not even aware of us, she added. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. Refresh the page, check Medium 's site status, or find. The 5 Elements of Hip Hop Deejaying Also known as turntabling, this is an art form in which music is made in real time using record players and DJ mixers. While appropriation of African American hip-hop culture is a 'pull', reflecting receptivity and initiative, crossover is a market-imposed growth strategy 'push' to commodify and sell the . Request PDF | On Jan 1, 2020, Imani Kai Johnson published Black Culture without Black People: Hip-Hop Dance beyond Appropriation Discourse | Find, read and cite all the research you need on . "We don't tend to think about appropriation in those contexts. Thats the way art evolves., Yet the conversation around appropriation is fraught with the pain of larger wounds inflicted by systemic practices stemming from the colonialist mindset, constituting a virulent form of intellectual and cultural theft. Picassos appropriation of African masks reflects the political and cultural climate of the time, when the Global South was largely colonized and its art was described as primitive a term used throughout the greater part of the twentieth century by major white-owned institutions. Source: SOurce It might not be a big deal but I want to do the right thing. If they do, then they defend their idols or attack the victims of cultural appropriation and say we shouldnt care., Its easy to write off when you arent the subject of appropriation. Becky Blanchard said it best, "Today 's rap music reflects its origin in the hip-hop culture of young, urban, working-class African-Americans, its roots in the African oral tradition, its function as the voice of an otherwise underrepresented group, and, as its popularity has grown, its commercialization and appropriation by the music . None of the girls from ReQuest who appeared in CLs video are black, but that didnt preclude the tanned skin, cornrows, and abundance of twerking. Youll find our work on HBO, MTV, Fusion, Spotifyand were just getting started. Maybe I'm overthinking it? ReferencesBragin, Naomi. We often blame idols for cultural appropriation in K-pop, but its not the idols that are producing their songs, styling their outfits, and coming up with their choreography, she told the Daily Dot in an email. While appropriation within the hip-hop culture is only one sect of the racial debate, it still affects not only this generation but the generations to come. And if they could take responsibility, it would give them the freedom to express themselves on a more genuine, legitimate level, Gabriel argued. Hip hop emerged out of cross-generational, cross-cultural, cross-racial, and cross-national forms of cultural appropriation, mixing, and acculturation, Jackson says. People learn about the entire nation [of Korea] through K-pop, she explained. Its not something they experience from their actual lives, theyre just imitating what they see.. I think its a matter of [being] conspicuous and inconspicuous, Jackson says. Why would companies care what a small minority think? There is a certain element of virtuosity that allows certain appropriative gestures to go unremarked upon. From viral dances to American Dirt, author Lauren Michele Jackson explains the difference between creative evolution and cultural theft. In 2020 alone, we have witnessed the debacle of American Dirt, the novel by white American author Jeanine Cummins who received a seven-figure advance to write a fictional story of a Mexican woman forced to become an undocumented immigrant living in the United States with her son, inspiring members of Latinx communities nationwide to call out the predominantly white publishing industry. Oscar Wilde famously said, Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery that mediocrity can pay to greatness. Its telling that second half of the quote has been erased, inverting Wildes pithy insights into the inferiority of impersonation into a lofty justification of mimicry. Ph.D candidate Stephanie Choi is a native Korean studying ethnomusicology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Exploring and exposing the unconscious and conscious acts of appropriation allows us course-correct inequality in its many forms and give originators what they have rightfully earned. Hostname: page-component-5959bf8d4d-bmjgf Total loading time: 0.223 Ideally, we would get less cultural appropriation and more creative expression, she added. Thats why there is this continuous sense of being on the outside looking in, no matter where you are from, she said. Centuries old, it denotes an act of transport some item or motif or a bit of property changing hands. Yet the impulse to mirror those around us goes beneath the surface of things. This presents the problem of idols being unable to take full responsibility for their actions, whether right or wrong, Gabriel said. Out of fear and hardship, a prevailing sense of xenophobia blanketed the public. I have a question about dancing to hip hop. We dont really talk about quieter instances of appropriation because wed be talking about everything., But it might not be the worst thing if we did. I have a question about dancing to hip hop. Since I started dancing again, I've noticed a huge change in my attitude. Choi has noticed that the average age of Korean fans can be much higher than that of American fans. But theres a very fine line, and if something is going to be borrowed, its crucial to have understanding and awareness. Mash-ups like Hiplet - a combination of hip-hop and ballet - have shown just how vital dance exploration can be to encourage new dancers to take up the moves, and keep them alive. Being really excited about it again I told my friend who said that said I shouldn't do it because I'm white and that I'm stealing from black culture. Sometimes the offenses come in small doses, such as one member of the group sporting cornrows and bandanas. Ideally, we would get less cultural appropriation and more creative expression, she added. Let us know your thoughts in the comments. Lee Clarke Hip-Hop Nation was regarded as a safe counter culture space for MENA/SWANA Americans until it sold out to the Islamophobic industry. Selector Records & Apparel ( 2310 E Madison St) is a leading source of underground dance music. K-pop's chameleonic racial and gender hybridity reveals incommensurability of contemporary Asian-ness, which I have called post-racial Asian-ness as non-racialization. I was part of a dance company when I was younger and with quarantine I became depressed and I picked it back up again. It begins on a neurological level with the mirror-neuron system, an involuntary and automatic response to help us negotiate the world by creating physiological and emotional connections with others. With some research, fans discovered that this wasnt the case, inciting a fair amount of rage. The influence of hip-hop became undeniable and with influence comes dollars, and with dollars comes thieves. As a result, any Japanese cultural appropriation in K-pop is carefully vetted. Though its become commonplace to usurp other peoples ideas for personal gain, Wilde long ago warned, Everything popular is wrong., Cultural appropriation is bad, but we wouldnt have hip hop without it. It includes K-hip-hop, K-indie, K-rock, and more. The money may be in the trends, but it has to flow from somewhere. Essentially, its like a one-and-done kind of deal where the artist or company gets to choose how to enterprise that identity and leave once its served its purpose. Appropriation, step-stealing, cultural transmission, imitation, impersonation, copying, poaching. It fails to capture the local context in Korea, such as how and why the performers appropriate hip-hop, such as the process of embodiment and training process to learn hip-hop movement, rhythm, and styles, etc. Ultimately the source lies deep within the fans pocketsmore specifically, Korean fans pockets. As long as people are living, breathing, and talking, making, and creating things, appropriation will happen and it ought to happen. Gabriel thinks the K-pop industry is tightly scripted. I'm not trying to be political and if I am in sorry. 1 CULTURAL APPROPRIATION Student's Name Professor's Name Coursework Institutional Affiliation Date 2 CULTURAL APPROPRIATION It . Without understanding a culture and its meanings, we get caught in an endless cycle of appropriation. It became too easy. The track sampled a boy reciting verses from the Quran, which Muslims found very offensive, especially considering music is a point of contention in the religion. However, at the same time, cultural . Born in the Bronx in the early 1970s, hip hop sprang forth as a new style of art, music, and dance invented by teens who blended shared elements of multi-ethnic Black and Latinx communities while remixing the past and present. We appropriate things all the time without our knowledge. Most of the stereotypical images that [K-pop] portrays comes from American media, Choi said. K-hip-hop especially has a very prominent position next to idol music and is more or less just as guilty of appropriating cultureespecially black culture. However, there is an ongoing tale of cultural appropriation when it comes to the hip-hop diaspora because it is such a worldwide phenomenon that doesn't always require actual passion or understanding of the culture. So it makes sense for K-pop to cater to that market, which is why we often see Japanese releases. These are the people we look up to as young kids and adults. Meanwhile we have musicians like John Mayer and Ed Sheeran who owe a debt to genres and styles of music that were invented and innovated by black musicians and black traditions of the past, but were not talking about that all the time because its not as conspicuous. A concept ranges anywhere from broad themes like love, youth, or partying, to specific ideas such as secret agents. K-pop news outlet Omona They Didnt! Appropriation, it seems, is a profoundly human impulse. This essay will provide a broader context and provide a more in-depth . Posted on Apr 2, 2016Updated on May 27, 2021, 12:13 am CDT. Its also important to know whos responsible for the concepts, lyrics, and clothing. Last year the star performed on a survival-style reality show called Unpretty Rapstar 2 that featured female rappers. In addition to improving the dance skills, the building of his or her performing skills will also be a focus. Why does this keep happening? We dont tend to think about appropriation in those contexts. Gabriel also weighed in, citing the Korean War and how it gave generations a bad impression of foreign soldiers. This week Mr. Vince shares his thoughts on appropriation. . They simply have more disposable income to invest in the genre. Copying is not always a conscious choice. Render date: 2022-12-12T00:18:42.797Z Oneif not themain avenue for cultural appropriation in the industry is through K-pops use of concepts, or themes, in music. cultural appropriation is "taking the external trappings of cultural traditions and using them as decorations on your own history without developing mutually supporting relationships in the community that you're taking from," says michelle heffner hayes, a professor at the university of kansas' department of theatre & dance, who has studied the The word itself is just indicating an instance of transport. hasContentIssue true, Congress on Research in Dance Conference Proceedings. View 4712152 Culture blog.docx from SOCIOLOGY 200 at Cambridge College. Appropriation triggers a powerful public response when mediocrity and privilege intersect, creating another blatant cultural rip-off. Regardless of the choice, the music, lyrics, choreography, and clothes all contribute to convey the idea. It's a lifestyle that has reached beyond the inner-cities of the United States, and today, its power influences the entire world. hip-hop as part of African-American culture. All Def has leveraged the cultural power of Hip Hop to grow our owned channels to over 10 million fans aged 18-24.Cultural Appropriation In Hip-Hop | LoveHate | All Def Musichttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZz1TmHiwtcAll Def Musichttp://www.youtube.com/AllDefMusic Feather headbands, face paint, beaded jewelry, teepees, tribal patternsits all there. Published online by Cambridge University Press: It has been influenced by ballet, modern, tap, hip-hop, African dance and many more styles. It is a transcending culture with its own rules and context. These behaviors include wearing dreadlocks or braids, darkening of the skin, and wearing jewelry commonly linked to hip-hop culture such as hoop earrings and chains. The Politics of the Dancing Body: Racialized and Gendered Femininity in Korean Pop. You'll also find landmarks that relate to Seattle's hip-hop heritage all around town, from beloved Dick's Drive . While she focuses her research on K-pop, she also finds time to enjoy the music, her favorite group being BTS, a seven-member, hip-hop-inspired group. While she focuses her research on K-pop, she also finds time to enjoy the music, her favorite group being BTS, a seven-member, hip-hop-inspired group. You have to realize that most K-pop fans do not care about cultural appropriation, she said. Making the Invisible Visible: Staging Sexualities through Dance. 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