To highlight the differential diagnosis between insufficiency fractures (IF) of the calcaneus and arthritis of the ankle. 3, Journal of Diabetes and its Complications, Vol. The main predisposing factors, clinical features, therapy, and outcome were recorded. Find a doctor near you. 8, Foot & Ankle International, Vol. The mean time from diagnosis of diabetes mellitus to CIA fracture was 20 years. 3, Foot & Ankle International, Vol. A fatigue fracture is a stress fracture that results from the application of abnormal muscular stress or torque to a bone with normal elastic resistance. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. The calcaneus is the most commonly fractured tarsal bone and accounts for about 2% of all fractures 2 and ~60% of all tarsal fractures 3. Most injuries are caused by high-energy trauma that result in intraarticular fractures [ 1 ]. There appear to be three basic fracture types: (1) a superiorly displaced extra-articular avulsion fracture of the posterior calcaneus (or Iowa fracture), which occurred in 12 patients (five men, seven women); (2) a mid-calcaneal compression . Calcaneus secundarius--a relevant differential diagnosis in ankle pain: a case report and review of the literature. government site. Radiographic examination revealed a mildly dis-placed fracture of the calcaneal tuberosity (Figure 1). Insufficiency fractures of the calcaneus: a diagnostic pitfall for ankle arthritis IF of the calcaneus are relatively rare but can be mistaken for ankle arthritis. 29, No. eCollection 2017. and transmitted securely. 2, The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Vol. All authors have no financial relationships to disclose. The fourth articular facet articulates with the cuboid of the midfoot. Search doctors, conditions, or procedures . Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 68, No. 1, Alexandria Journal of Medicine, Vol. Stress Fractures of the Calcaneus | Radiology Login to your account Username Password Forgot password? MRI is recommended because this type of fracture is difficult to detect on plain films. 51, No. 42, No. In the nondiabetic group, there were no insufficiency fractures; 39 fractures occurred with significant force (eg, motor vehicle accident or fall from height), and 33 had extension to subtalar or calcaneocuboid joints. Usually a concave or wedge-shaped deformity of the affected vertebra is found and a wide range of the vertebral height ratios and fracture distribution were reported (Kawaguchi et al. 2, No. An 83-year-old woman consulted because of pain and swelling of the left heel without history of trauma. 32, No. ADVERTISEMENT: Radiopaedia is free thanks to our supporters and advertisers. 16, No. 10]. Weber JM, Vidt LG, Gehl RS, Montgomery T. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2005 Jan;22(1):45-54. doi: 10.1016/j.cpm.2004.08.004. 235, No. 31, No. All diabetic patients were insulin dependent for more than 5 years and had clinically evident peripheral neuropathy. An 83yearold woman consulted because of pain and swelling of the left heel without history of trauma was diagnosed by sonography (US) with an IF of the calcaneum that was confirmed by MRI. Extraarticular fractures account for about 25%30% of calcaneal fractures and include all fractures that do not involve the posterior facet. MRI demonstrated a definite fracture line and bone marrow edema in all patients. Conclusion: Diffuse edema throughout the bone marrow with marked surrounding soft tissue swelling, posterior subtalar joint fluid and subtle linear defect consistent with fracture (arrow). 5, Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, Vol. 12, No. 22, No. We present a case of insufficiency fracture (IF) of the calcaneum diagnosed by sonography (US). 40, No. 10, Foot & Ankle International, Vol. 3, Foot & Ankle International, Vol. 1, Seminars in Roentgenology, Vol. 4, Seminars in Roentgenology, Vol. 45, No. 4, Radiotherapy and Oncology, Vol. 133, No. Clin Med Insights Arthritis Musculoskelet Disord. Bookshelf Please enter a valid 5-digit Zip Code. 31, No. Fracture characterization is essential to guide the management of these injuries. 22, No. 3, Open Journal of Clinical Diagnostics, Vol. Two had previous IF at other locations. 230, No. Fracture line more easily detected on T1 (arrow). 20, No. 2017. 3, The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Vol. All complained of moderate to severe pain that interfered with daily activities and was relieved with rest. 7, Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Vol. 6, EMC - Radiologie et imagerie mdicale - Musculosquelettique - Neurologique - Maxillofaciale, Vol. These fractures most often occur in young men. 03, Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Vol. Subscribe now (individual subscription: $237.00), (This functionality works only for purchases made as a guest), 11 March 2022 | RadioGraphics, Vol. 2, Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection & Critical Care, Vol. 9, No. RSNA members have free access to all RadioGraphics content. 2018 Feb;37(2):521-529. doi: 10.1002/jum.14276. 6, Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Vol. Ultrasound-Diagnosed Tibia Stress Fracture: A Case Report. In part, this is likely related to the re-gional vascular anatomy of the calcaneus [11]. The patient was treated successfully by conservative treatment. 1,12,14 They all presented with pain 1,12,14 and swelling 1,12 around the ankles without a history of trauma. An official website of the United States government. The fracture pattern in this group occurred in the same plane as a fatigue-type calcaneal fracture. 1, Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery, Vol. The site is secure. 61, No. Standard radiographs showed osteoporosis without fracture. 53, No. Standard radiographs showed osteoporosis without fracture. 200, No. 5, American Journal of Roentgenology, Vol. 1999 Aug;89(8):413-8. doi: 10.7547/87507315-89-8-413. 4, 1 November 2012 | RadioGraphics, Vol. 1,6,11,12-14 Three were described as a type of insufficiency fracture that occurred in elderly patients with osteoporosis. On a closer look, a liner horizontal hypointensity can be appreciated, parallel to the overlying articular surface. 1, Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity, Vol. An 83-year-old woman consulted because of pain and swelling of the left heel without history of trauma. 2, The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Vol. Reports of stress fractures in the body of the calcaneus are rare. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. The fracture pattern in this group occurred in the same plane as a fatigue-type calcaneal fracture. Log-in above or renew your membership today. Find top doctors who treat Calcaneus heel Fractures near you in Provo, UT. Fourteen had calcaneal insufficiency avulsion (CIA) fractures limited to the posterior third of the calcaneus. Please enter a valid 5-digit Zip Code. Clin Med Insights Arthritis Musculoskelet Disord. Fragments of the posterior tuberosity were usually displaced 10-30 mm and were frequently rotated. Enter your email address below and we will send you the reset instructions. Type 1 fractures are likely insufficiency fractures, occurring in elderly patients with osteoporosis after minor trauma such as trip-ping. ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads. Epub 2016 Feb 29. Fourteen had calcaneal insufficiency avulsion (CIA) fractures limited to the posterior third of the calcaneus. 134, Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, Vol. Enter your email address below and we will send you the reset instructions. Incidence and MR imaging features of fractures of the anterior process of calcaneus in a consecutive patient population with ankle and foot symptoms. Before Insufficiency fractures of the tibia and fibula. 4, 19 January 2011 | RadioGraphics, Vol. The fracture pattern in this group occurred in the same plane as a fatigue-type calcaneal fracture. Methods: In type 2 beak fractures, the tendinous attach - ment is more proximal than classically seen Tins BJ, Garton M, Cassar-Pullicino VN, Tyrrell PN, Lalam R, Singh J. 6, Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Vol. {"url":"/signup-modal-props.json?lang=us\u0026email="}, O'Donnell C, Insufficiency fracture - calcaneum. LIST YOUR PRACTICE ; Dentist ; Pharmacy ; Search . 55, No. Fragments of the posterior tuberosity were usually displaced 10-30 mm and were frequently rotated. 7, Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Vol. 129, No. 2017 Apr 10;10:1179544117702866. doi: 10.1177/1179544117702866. The article describes in detail calcaneal anatomy, mechanism of calcaneal injuries and their associated fracture patterns, CT features of intra- and extraarticular fractures, and management implications. Accessibility To the best of our knowledge, few cases of calcaneal bone infarction detected by bone scanning are reported in the literature. FOIA suppl_1, Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, Vol. 4, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, Vol. Book an appointment today! Since then, these fractures, which are variously referred to as march, stress, insufficiency, fatigue, and ps. The location you tried did not return a result. 1, 2022 Radiological Society of North America, https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.180.3.1871285, Fractures of the Calcaneus: A Review with Emphasis on CT1. 51, No. Ouellette H, Salamipour H, Thomas BJ, Kassarjian A, Torriani M. Skeletal Radiol. 4, Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, Vol. 4, No. 36, No. ), Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, Box 208042, New Haven, CT 06520-8042. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Most calcaneal fractures (70%-75%) are intraarticular and result from axial loading that produces shear and compression fracture lines. 32, No. Clinical Presentation. Kathol, M H; el-Khoury, G Y; Moore, T E; Marsh, J L Radiology, Volume 180 (3): 725 - Sep 1, 1991 Read Article Download PDF Share Full Text for Free (beta) 5 pages Article All patients were women, with a mean age of 73.8 +/- 6.3 years. J Bone Metab. Radiographs were normal in 5 patients. Ito K, Hori K, Terashima Y, Sekine M, Kura H. Clin Orthop Relat Res. A problem-based approach in musculoskeletal ultrasonography: heel pain in adults. US revealed thickening of the calcaneal periosteum associated with edema of the adjacent soft tissues. 17, No. Fracture line more easily detected on T1 (arrow). 32, No. Insufficiency fracture of the body of the calcaneus in elderly patients with osteoporosis: a report of two cases. Abstract Heel pain is a common clinical problem but insufficiency fracture of . 51, No. 128, No. 2, Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, Vol. Careers. 46, No. 04, No. 7, British Journal of Hospital Medicine, Vol. 2, No. 38, No. 24, No. Calcaneal fractures account for approximately 2% of all fractures seen in adults. Identification of ultrasound imaging markers to quantify long bone regeneration in a segmental tibial defect sheep model in vivo. 2, Radiologic Clinics of North America, Vol. Of the two major systems for classifying intraarticular fractures-Hannover and Sanders-the latter is used most often and is helpful in treatment planning and determining prognosis. Results: The calcaneus is the most commonly fractured tarsal bone and accounts for about 2% of all fractures. Stress fracture of the pelvis and lower limbs including atypical femoral fractures-a review. Stress Fractures of the Calcaneus Diagnosed by Sonography: Report of 8 Cases. Stress fractures generally involve the posterosuperior or posterior aspects of the calcaneus and are usually oriented vertically or perpendicular to the long axis of the calcaneus . 53, No. 205, No. 3, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, Vol. The calcaneus is the most commonly fractured tarsal bone and accounts for about 2% of all fractures 2 and ~60% of all tarsal fractures 3. Focal bone lysis and periosteal reaction typical of osteomyelitis were not appreciated. The fracture pattern in this group occurred in the same plane as a fatigue-type calcaneal fracture. 4, No. The calcaneal fracture was successfully managed by conservative means. 18, No. 2, Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America, Vol. Hyperparathyroidism-induced stress fracture of the calcaneus. 2002 Sep 1;66(5):785-94. Insufficiency fractures at the spine are a leading cause for acute low back pain without an acute traumatic event. Niger J Clin Pract. All received conservative treatment with complete resolution of symptoms without sequelae. 2019 Apr 2;80(4):192-195. doi: 10.12968/hmed.2019.80.4.192. Color Doppler imaging showed marked increased vascularity of the periosteum. 28, No. 16, No. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Three patients had a history of chronic inflammatory conditions while receiving longterm steroid therapy. 2022 Radiological Society of North America, To read the full-text, please use one of the options below to sign in or purchase access, Purchase this article as pay-per-view (unlimited access for 24 hours), Hindfoot Fractures: Injury Patterns and Relevant Imaging Findings, Radiologic Findings in Cases of Attempted Suicide and Other Self-Injurious Behavior, Fracturen van de calcaneus: achtergrond, diagnostiek en behandeling, Multidetector CT Evaluation of Calcaneal Fractures1, Traumatismos de los miembros inferiores en atencin primaria. 20, No. 35, No. 7, 17 February 2012 | Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Traumatologie, Vol. 90, Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery (Asia Pacific), Vol. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Although IF have a good prognosis with conservative treatment, increased awareness is of importance for prompt diagnosis and proper management. J Med Case Rep. 2015 Jun 2;9:127. doi: 10.1186/s13256-015-0595-7. 2016 Feb;23(1):45-8. doi: 10.11005/jbm.2016.23.1.45. Patients with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of calcaneal insufficiency fractures, particularly those involving avulsion of the posterior process of the . If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to reset your password. Calcaneal insufficiency avulsion fractures in patients with diabetes mellitus., Radiology | DeepDyve Calcaneal insufficiency avulsion fractures in patients with diabetes mellitus. 6, The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Vol. 4, The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Vol. 1073, Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia, Vol. MRI is recommended because this type of fracture is difficult to detect on plain films. IF was considered when occurring spontaneously or with minimal trauma. Find a doctor near you. 2 Fatigue fracture. An 83yearold woman consulted because of pain and swelling of the left heel without history of . 37, No. 54, No. 2020 Sep;23(3):227-257. doi: 10.1007/s40477-020-00477-4. Fourteen had calcaneal insufficiency avulsion (CIA) fractures limited to the posterior third of the calcaneus. ct Sagittal bone window Axial bone window CT Sagittal bone window Subtle line of sclerosis at the site of MRI abnormality. 2004 May;(422):190-4. doi: 10.1097/01.blo.0000126308.72205.be. LIST YOUR PRACTICE ; Dentist ; Search . Bookshelf Keep me logged in New User 29, No. 8600 Rockville Pike 200, No. 13. Pathology Calcaneal fractures can be divided broadly into two types depending on whether there is articular involvement of the subtalar joint 2,7,8: extra-articular: 25-30% anterior calcaneal process fracture Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. 6, Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia (English Edition), Vol. US changes, together with the clinical and radiographic findings, were consistent with an IF of the calcaneum that was confirmed by MRI. We present a case of insufficiency fracture (IF) of the calcaneum diagnosed by sonography (US). Fragments of the posterior tuberosity were usually displaced 10-30 mm and were frequently rotated. Atypical heel pain. 2, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, Vol. 7, American Journal of Roentgenology, Vol. Diffuse edema throughout the bone marrow with marked surrounding soft tissue swelling, posterior subtalar joint fluid and subtle linear defect consistent with fracture (arrow). 4, Spartan Medical Research Journal, Vol. 4, Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology, Vol. 6, World Journal of Clinical Cases, Vol. Search doctors, conditions, or procedures . Of the two major systems for classifying intraarticular fracturesHannover and Sandersthe latter is used most often and is helpful in treatment planning and determining prognosis. Objective: Advances in cross-sectional imaging, particularly in computed tomography (CT), have given this modality an important role in identifying and characterizing calcaneal fractures. Check for errors and try again. 33, No. We would like to present 23 calcaneal fractures in 22 patients of whom 21 had type I diabetes mellitus. Radiographs and clinical records of 61 patients with calcaneal fractures were studied. 5, Seminars in Roentgenology, Vol. 31, No. No abnormal findings on a calcaneus radiograph were seen for six fractures. 1, Foot & Ankle International, Vol. The fracture pattern in this group occurred in the same plane as a fatigue-type calcaneal fracture. 51, No. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Would you like email updates of new search results? 57, No. Fragments of the posterior tuberosity were usually displaced 10 . Bilateral calcaneal insufficiency fractures due to chronic carbamazepine use for trigeminal neuralgia: A case report. PMC 4 Epub 2006 May 25. We present a case of insufficiency fracture (IF) of the calcaneum diagnosed by sonography (US). Epub 2020 May 17. Familiarity with calcaneal anatomy and fracture patterns is essential for radiologists to guide the treating physicians. 1, The British Journal of Radiology, Vol. 13, No. 105, No. IF of the calcaneus are relatively rare but can be mistaken for ankle arthritis. 1, 1 September 2005 | RadioGraphics, Vol. 1, Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Vol. Subtle line of sclerosis at the site of MRI abnormality. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Most calcaneal fractures (70%-75%) are intraarticular and result from axial loading that produces shear and compression fracture lines. Received June 23, 2004; revision requested August 5; final revision received December 16; accepted December 17. 3, Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology, Vol. 12, Calcified Tissue International, Vol. 6, Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 69, No. In the proper clinical setting, US can suggest the diagnosis of IF of the calcaneum. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. Fractures in the nondiabetic group and in the three diabetic patients with a history of trauma did not resemble the CIA pattern. Fourteen had calcaneal insufficiency avulsion (CIA) fractures limited to the posterior third of the calcaneus. In seven patients, calcaneal fractures occurred idiopathically, but in one patient, two fractures occurred after long-distance walking. 3, European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, International Journal of Surgery Case Reports, Vol. Stress or march fractures were first recognized as an entity in 1855 by Breithaupt (1). Insufficiency fracture in osteoporotic bone. Careers. 3, Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, Vol. Calcaneal fractures have characteristic appearances based on the mechanism of injury and are divided into two major groups, intraarticular and extraarticular. 29, No. Twenty-one patients had diabetes mellitus, and 40 were nondiabetic. Insights Imaging. Small bony protrusion seen along anterosuperior aspect of talus. Note bone density seems reduced and DEXA was consistent with marked osetoporosis. The .gov means its official. 20, No. The site is secure. 171, Techniques in Foot & Ankle Surgery, Vol. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the 59, No. 25, No. Eighteen of the diabetic patients had no history of significant trauma. 206, The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Vol. 9, No. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! PMC and Orthopedic Surgery (M.R.B. 6, Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Vol. 4, Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, Vol. Eighteen of the diabetic patients had no history of significant trauma. Gender: Female. Fourteen had calcaneal insufficiency avulsion (CIA) fractures limited to the posterior third of the calcaneus. 9, Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, Vol. 2020 Apr;23(4):574-576. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_515_18. 3, Foot & Ankle International, Vol. MeSH Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. 10, Foot & Ankle International, Vol. government site. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Find top doctors who treat Calcaneus heel Fractures near you in Provo, UT. 2006 Nov;35(11):833-7. doi: 10.1007/s00256-006-0154-9. However, they may not be detected for 7 to 14 days. 1From the Departments of Radiology (A.D., A.H.H.) The calcaneus has three subtalar articular facetsthe anterior, middle, and posterior facetsthat support the talus. 11, The Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vol. 17, No. Epub 2014 Dec 2. 32, No. From a radiographic perspective, the calcaneus is a relatively difficult bone to visualize in its entirety. Epub 2017 Jun 12. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies official website and that any information you provide is encrypted S1, 1 May 1999 | RadioGraphics, Vol. 8600 Rockville Pike 1999 Jun;28(6):413-20. doi: 10.1016/s0049-0172(99)80007-9. The .gov means its official. Physical examination revealed ankle inflammation in all cases. 4, Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America, Vol. 19, No. Foot fractures frequently misdiagnosed as ankle sprains. 10, Practical Diabetes International, Vol. Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine, Vol. Accessibility 2 An insufficiency fracture, a subset of pathologic fractures, occurs in a nontumoral abnormal bone with a reduced elastic resistance to normal stress. 60, No. Tang S, Shajudeen P, Tasciotti E, Righetti R. Sci Rep. 2020 Aug 12;10(1):13646. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70426-y. 51, No. If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to reset your password. US revealed thickening of the calcaneal p HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Alonso-Bartolom P, Martnez-Taboada VM, Blanco R, Rodriguez-Valverde V. Semin Arthritis Rheum. Book an appointment today! 40, No. An official website of the United States government. Significant marrow edema is seen in lateral aspects of talar dome. 15, Techniques in Foot & Ankle Surgery, Vol. 12, Seminars in Roentgenology, Vol. 131, No. Ultrasonography. Most calcaneal fractures (70%75%) are intraarticular and result from axial loading that produces shear and compression fracture lines. Diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease, and hyperemia secondary to soft-tissue infection predisposes to calcaneal insufficiency fractures that may disrupt intraosseous vasculature and result in bone infarction. MeSH We retrospectively reviewed clinical charts and imaging findings for 6 patients with 7 IF of the calcaneus who were referred with the diagnosis of ankle arthritis. 5, 1 October 2000 | RadioGraphics, Vol. Of the two major systems for classifying intraarticular fractures-Hannover and Sanders-the latter is used most often and is helpful in treatment planning and determining prognosis. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine J Ultrasound Med. The authors thank Salvador Beltran, MD, Girona, Spain, for his excellent anatomic drawings. Calcaneal Insufficiency Fracture after Ipsilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty. However, radiography remains the principal imaging modality for evaluating trauma to the calcaneus, the most frequently fractured tarsal bone. 12, No. Prominent steida process is seen. Enter your email address below and we will send you your username, If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to retrieve your username. Conventional radiographs showed normal . 2, Osteoporosis International, Vol. FOIA 1, The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds, Vol. The location you tried did not return a result. and transmitted securely. 2001 ). 129, No. Case study, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 11 Dec 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-16661. 9, No. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was diagnostic. 11, Revista Colombiana de Ortopedia y Traumatologa, Vol. A case of insufficiency fracture of the calcaneum presenting as heel pain is reported and the clinical and plain radiographic features of this condition in an osteoporotic patient are described. 32, No. 26, No. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine 2, The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Vol. 9, Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, Vol. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Mild marrow edema is seen in medial cuneiform bone. Pathology Calcaneal fractures can be divided broadly into two types depending on whether there is articular involvement of the subtalar joint 2,7,8: extra-articular: 25-30% anterior calcaneal process fracture The median delay to diagnosis was 6 weeks (25th, 75th percentiles: 1, 12). 48, No. Fragments of the posterior tuberosity were usually displaced 10-30 mm and were frequently rotated. J Ultrasound. 127, No. 2015 Feb;6(1):97-110. doi: 10.1007/s13244-014-0371-z. Enter your email address below and we will send you your username, If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to retrieve your username. Am Fam Physician. Epub 2021 Jun 29. 80, No. 5, The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Vol. 3, The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Vol. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. 4, The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Vol. 10, American Journal of Roentgenology, Vol. 1, No. 2022 Jan;41(1):34-52. doi: 10.14366/usg.21069. 90, No. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help 3, Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol. 1, The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Vol. 12, FMC - Formacin Mdica Continuada en Atencin Primaria, Vol. Would you like email updates of new search results? Before 5, Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, Vol. 4, No. 55, No. You can use Radiopaedia cases in a variety of ways to help you learn and teach. 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