There are various plastic waste management strategies; however, the present management progress is not sustainable, and plastic waste dumping in landfills is still the most commonly employed strategy. Effect of compatibility between solvent and poly(vinyl chloride) on dechlorination of poly(vinyl chloride). 1 in most places can be accredited as one of the primary reasons for their mass use by the youth and elderly alike. LCA is a relatively young subcluster (average publication years, 2015.7) with the second largest number of papers in cluster 1 (number of papers, 568). "Recycling of Plastic Waste: A Systematic Review Using Bibliometric Analysis" Sustainability 14, no. These rules do not leave any room open for a mistake, the rules set the liability of the producer which means that plastic waste is on the eye since its birth this helps to curb the plastic waste. The expansion and shrinkage of the international trade network of plastic wastes affected by Chinas waste management policies. ; Caneba, G.; Muhuri, P.; Watkins, D.; Shonnard, D.R. [, By further improving the applicability of microorganisms, it is possible to develop microbial cell factories that artificially control the biodegradation of plastic waste. We need global technology transfer for efficient and effective waste treatment, as capability of recycling and waste treatment are not equally distributed. Research on bioplastics has increased rapidly in recent years due to the serious problems of plastic pollution and to move away from fossil resources. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. This study investigates the solution of an ocean waste plastic management system model. Ning, X.J. ; Formal Analysis, I.T. [3] It is a rampant waste. online dashboard trial. ; Singh, G.; Vijayan, B.K. Armenise, S.; SyieLuing, W.; Ramirez-Velasquez, J.M. ; Roza, L.; Almada, F.; do Carmo, R.W. Furthermore, raising awareness about plastic recycling and reprocessing waste materials significant factors in driving the demand for plastic waste management. ; Laycock, B. PVC is very strong and has a high resistance to abrasion and moisture, which makes it highly suitable for a wide range of applications including pipes, cables and wires, toys, windows, raincoats, shower curtains, and many households as well as technical products. Management of plastic waste: A bibliometric mapping and analysis Fabiula Danielli Bastos de Sousa Volume 39, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X21992422 Contents Get access Abstract This work aims to provide the first holistic and deep bibliometric mapping and analysis of the management of plastic waste. The model is represented by a nonlinear system which is divided into three ; Marino, R.; La Mantia, F.P. Poly(ethylene glycol) enhanced dehydrochlorination of poly(vinyl chloride). Ameri, M.; Mansourian, A.; Sheikhmotevali, A.H. ; Shang, Y.P. Borgianni, C.; De Filippis, P.; Pochetti, F.; Paolucci, M. Gasification process of wastes containing PVC. Sustain. In addition, studies have reported that the use of recycled plastics for asphalt reduces road construction costs and improves the economic efficiency of road construction [. Buekens, A.; Yang, J. In its These rules took into their ambit rural areas as they are no longer safe from this plastic pollution. Towards a Circular Economy of Plastics: An Evaluation of the Systematic Transition to a New Generation of Bioplastics. To view or add a comment, sign in, HDPE (High-density Polyethylene Plastics). Thermoplastic resins have a branched grain structure, soft properties, and the ability to retain their basic shape. The Plastic Waste Management Market Analysis by types is segmented into: Landfill; Recycle; Incineration; The Plastic Waste Management Market Industry Research Feature The rise in the number of commercial venues such as malls, theatres, restaurants, hospitals, educational institutions, and others, results in an increase in the amount of plastic waste that is eventually opening up more possibilities for the need for waste management. The objections and suggestions made by the public were duly considered by the Central Government and starting from 7th February, 2011 the Plastic Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011 came into effect. An overview of degradable and biodegradable polyolefins. Catalytic methods for chemical recycling or upcycling of commercial polymers. The asterisk allows us to look for terms that begin with plastic, chemical, or recycl (e.g., recycle, recycles, recycled, recycling) in either the title, abstract, keywords or all fields. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is one of the highly used polymer owing to its unique properties including good low-temperature toughness, good chemical resistance, high flexibility, and high impact resistance. In Japan, it is thought that the processing of PVC is recognized as a major issue in promoting recycling. We used data collected with the query (plastic* OR chemical*) AND (recycl* OR circular economy). 2020;6:100036. doi: 10.1016/j.rcrx.2020.100036. Park, C.H. The mechanism of particle collision in the charging step still needs to be better understood. ; Xu, L.X. Tabone, M.D. One method is to biologically decompose petroleum-derived plastics using microorganisms [. Mechanical recycling is the reprocessing of plastic waste into raw materials and products using physical methods [, The advantage of mechanical recycling is that it is suitable for decentralized installations. ; Cui, Z.J. Hence, the use of plastic waste for construction applications is recommended. Furthermore, laws and guidelines enforced by the government and related agencies across the countries for plastic waste disposal management are anticipated to drive the market over the forecast period. This fluctuation in prices promotes the incentive to make long-term investments in recycling technology and infrastructure. The study encompasses major companies in Plastic Waste Management Market along with their key information, such as company profiles, product samples and descriptions, capacity, production, value, and income. In order to ensure the accuracy of the contents of the manifesto, export companies or third-party organizations should conduct regular audits. There are remaining issues for these emerging research. ; Cheng, H.F.; Tao, S. Kinetics of Brominated Flame Retardant (BFR) Releases from Granules of Waste Plastics. ; Mohebby, B.; Tajvidi, M. Impact strength improvement of wood flour-recycled polypropylene composites. "The quality of research they have done for us has been excellent.". Wang, C.Q. ; Julsing, M.K. For subcluster 1-5, bioplastics, it is needed to develop less expensive production methods and bioplastics having improved mechanical properties. Adarsh, U.K.; Kartha, V.B. Soni, V.K. Zhang, S.Z. Damayanti; Wu, H.S. However, with current technology, chemical recycling is more energy intensive [, Biological recycling can be broadly classified into two types. The rising demand from industries for recyclable raw materials and acceptance of recycled bottles that are made of polymers producing less CO2 are driving the market growth during the forecast period. Zeng, Q.; Sirven, J.B.; Gabriel, J.C.P. ; Linne, U.; Erb, T.J.; Maier, U.G. In this research, a descriptive statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software to determine the appropriate value of plastic waste recovered by waste banks and scavengers. ; Park, J.K.; Jeon, H.S. Epub 2021 Oct 22. Kajikawa, Y.; Yoshikawa, J.; Takeda, Y.; Matsushima, K. Tracking emerging technologies in energy research: Toward a roadmap for sustainable energy. Eco Entreprises Qubec. India has the lowest per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) among the countries listed, and it can be said that India is doing well in producing publications given its economic size. Sustainability 2022, 14, 16340. Polypropylene is easily available, low cost, and can adapt numerous fabrication techniques which makes it highly suitable for household and industrial applications. A review on hydrothermal carbonization of biomass and plastic wastes to energy products. Process Window for Direct Recycling of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene and High-Impact Polystyrene from Electrical and Electronic Equipment Waste. ; Sharma, B.K. ; Li, F. Research on Flotation Technique of Separating PET from plastic packaging wastes. [, Morschbacker, A.; Campos, C.E.S. Municipal solid waste management in a circular economy: A data-driven bibliometric analysis. For example, if automatic waste sorting methods become more sophisticated, mechanical recycling will be more advantageous. ; Jeong, H.J. ; Kohli, K.; Constantinou, A. ; Joel, M.; Shuaibu, A.A.; Yusuf, K.O. Watson, P.K. Caparanga, A.R. ; Cho, B.G. Flotation separation is a technology that uses the hydrophobicity and wettability of plastics to separate them, and the principle is relatively simple. ; Hu, Y.N. The commercial is the second-largest source of plastic waste generation. Peters, M.; Taylor, J.D. ; Ramakumar, S.S.V. Developed countries have more consumed and wasted plastics than developing countries. A separate set of rules are made for plastic waste which does not decompose easily. In subcluster 1-6, recycling of PVC, countries other than the United States and those in Europe occupy the top positions, and the trend is very different from other clusters. Current Sustainable Trends of Using Waste Materials in Concrete-A Decade Review. The objectives focused on plastic waste disposal practices, factors that accounted for poor plastic waste management, effects of poor plastic waste management and prospects for recycling plastic waste. Environmental challenges of COVID-19 pandemic: resilience and sustainability - A review. Batayneh, M.; Marie, I.; Asi, I. This fee will be used later for the management of plastic waste. The very first rule related to the management of plastic waste emerged in 2011. One method is to biologically decompose petroleum-derived plastics using microorganisms. Free upgrade to enterprise license (allows to share across all company locations), 5. ; Feng, X.W. Global Plastic Waste Management Market Size Is Anticipated To Reach USD 35.10 Billion By 2026., at a CAGR of 3.9% during the forecast period. When items like plastic bags break down, they readily soak up (and release) toxins that then contaminate soil and water, as well as harming animals that ingest plastic fragments. ; Maksimov, A.L. A review of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for plastic analysis. Iowa ranked seventh in a national state-by-state analysis of waste-reducing policies, infrastructure, waste production and recycling rates. ; Wang, Y.Q. ; Summers, P.A. Antelava A, Damilos S, Hafeez S, Manos G, Al-Salem SM, Sharma BK, Kohli K, Constantinou A. Environ Manage. In addition, recent subclusters within cluster 1 on plastic recycling focus on the circular economy at the planetary scale. Among these, the number of studies on chemical recycling of PET is the largest, and the number of studies has been increasing in recent years. On the basis of Regional Analysis, The Global Plastic Waste Management Market is classified into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the world. Sinha, V.; Patel, M.R. ; Jiao, L.N. Plastic Solid Waste (PSW) in the Context of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Sustainable Management. Vazquez, Y.V. Consequently, the market share is low. No person shall manufacture, stock, distribute or sell any carry bag made of virgin or recycled or compostable plastic, which is less than 40 microns in thickness. Shibata, N.; Kajikawa, A.; Sakata, I. Karayildirim, T.; Yanik, J.; Ucar, S.; Saglam, M.; Yuksel, M. Conversion of plastics/HVGO mixtures to fuels by two-step processing. government site. ; Landis, A.E. Plastic Waste Management: A Review of Existing Life Cycle Assessment Studies. Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization(CPHEEO) Manual on Solid Waste was reviewed by Swach Bharat Missions National Plan, in addition to this many new rules were made in relation to waste management. Since plastic carries with it exceptional qualities therefore it became the first choice for many people around the world and therefore waste due to plastic is increasing day by day. ABS/HIPS blends obtained from WEEE: Influence of processing conditions and composition. In 2016, Yoshida et al. In comparison, pyrolysis and liquefaction are favorable due to the production of char and fuel, but high energy requirements limit their benefits. To view or add a comment, sign in The building and construction is one of the fastest-growing segment registering a CAGR of 3.3% over the forecast period owing to the rapid growth of infrastructural developments in developing economies. Sadat-Shojai, M.; Bakhshandeh, G.R. Based on service, the market for plastic waste management is segmented into, collection, recycling, incineration, and landfills. ; Iriondo, P.M. Various types of documents published in related fields of study. ; Song, Q.B. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the processing capacity of plastic waste in developed countries, which will reduce the cost of handling [, Another principle is global waste treatment. Morin, C.; Loppinet-Serani, A.; Cansell, F.; Aymonier, C. Near- and supercritical solvolysis of carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRPs) for recycling carbon fibers as a valuable resource: State of the art. Peeters, J.R.; Vanegas, P.; Tange, L.; Van Houwelingen, J.; Duflou, J.R. Closed loop recycling of plastics containing Flame Retardants. Compatibility of recycled PVC/ABS blends. Thermochemical Recycling of Waste Plastics by Pyrolysis: A Review. Lin, S.Y. To research and analyze micro markets with regard to their potential and unique growth patterns, as well as their contributions to the Plastic Waste Management Market. Thermal and catalytic decomposition behavior of PVC mixed plastic waste with petroleum residue. ; Hao, H.L. reported the discovery of a bacterial strain called Ideonella sakaiensis 201-F6 that secretes two enzymes that hydrolyze PET (PETase and MHETase) [, In the third category, the urethane bond of PU is hydrolyzed during biodegradation [, While biodegradation systems for existing fossil resource-derived plastics have not been put to practical use, biodegradable plastics made from fossil resources have been put to practical use. ; Ghasemi, I. ; Bi, Y.Y. Recycling has equal benefits and drawbacks. Long-term moisture absorption and thickness swelling behaviour of recycled thermoplastics reinforced with Pinus radiata sawdust. Selective Separation of PVC from PET/PVC Mixture Using Floatation by Tannic Acid Depressant. 1 and Rs. ; WritingOriginal Draft Preparation, I.T. ISO/TC 323; Circular Economy. ; Lee, J.M. Park, C.H. Wojnowska-Baryla, I.; Kulikowska, D.; Bernat, K. Effect of Bio-Based Products on Waste Management. Mohammed, A.A.; Mohammed, I.I. Among the alternatives to reduce plastic pollution are an efficient waste management system, government regulations, public awareness, and environmental education. ; Patel, J.V. Processing and Properties of Biopolymer/Polyhydroxyalkanoates Blends. Rujnic-Sokele, M.; Pilipovic, A. The disadvantage of this principle is economic feasibility. Tejaswini MSSR, Pathak P, Ramkrishna S, Ganesh PS. Wang, C.Q. Due to their relatively low cost, ease of manufacture, versatility and imperviousness to water, plastics are used in an enormous and expanding range of products, from paper clips to spaceships. ; Xu, J.; Ohnishi, R. Complete hydrodechlorination of chlorobenzene and its derivatives over supported nickel catalysts under liquid phase conditions (vol 60, pg 131, 2005). Reddy, M.S. However, this law has been loosely implemented and several kiosks all over India still sell gutkha and tobacco in plastic pouches. Mechanical recycling is an ideal recycling method in that plastics can be recycled from plastics. It was also emphasized that plastic waste can also be used for making road according to the Indian Road Congress, waste generated from the plastic can also be used to make oil. Box size is proportional to the number of articles published in a particular journal, and color refers to the clustering of journals based on co-citation patterns in the published articles. ; Wu, C.F. The .gov means its official. The new rules have addressed a few major problems related to plastic waste management which have in turn unearthed some issues which both the manufacturers of plastic and the implementers of the rules need to work out in coordination to ensure environmental safety. ; Forssberg, E.; Pugh, R.J. A critical overview. The recycled HDPE is used to produce a wide range of products including trash cans, furniture, toys, recycling bins, pipes, and ropes. ; Kim, J.S. The use of electrostatic techniques for the identification and sorting of waste packaging materials. Environ. The process is highly exothermic with the objective of safe waste management. Such initiatives by the Chinese government are also thought to be a factor in boosting the number of papers published. In March 2022, Republic Services, Inc. unveiled the development plans for the integrated plastics recycling facility in the USA, to address the rising demand for recycled plastic from packaging manufacturing players. Chemical recycling methods for PET are roughly divided into pyrolysis, hydrolysis, methanolysis, glycolysis, and aminolysis [, Hydrolysis converts PET chains into value-added products, especially TA and EG. Several production units and sources dump their plastic trash into water bodies or land additionally, the lack of understanding of waste management infrastructure also serves as a challenge for this market. At present, developed countries do not know how the waste exported to developing countries is recycled and how the residue generated as a result of recycling is treated. ; Yu, Y. Dechlorination behavior on the recovery of useful resources from WEEE by the steam gasification in the molten carbonates. Plastics are a lightweight, durable, and inexpensive material that can be easily processed into a wide range of products to be used in a variety of applications. However, subcluster 2-4 is a mature research field (2011.2), which seems to indicate that the flotation separation technology has reached the stage of practical application. As urbanization and industrialization are expanding, plastic generation is increasing globally. Subcluster 2-3, flotation separation, has the highest citation per paper ratio (6.9). Dynamic material flow analysis of plastics in China from 1950 to 2050. Mixing plastics into concrete as an aggregate suppresses heat generation and shrinkage when the concrete hardens, and helps prevent cracks. ; Mun, T.Y. The word interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The amounts of plastic waste in municipal solid waste and in industrial solid waste were estimated to be 79 Mt and 42 Mt, respectively, in Asia. Therefore there needs to be strict implementation of the rules made for the management of plastic waste. The SWOT analysis for Waste Management Inc. is presented below in a table followed by the detailed analysis report. The number of papers in the six remaining clusters related to plastic recycling was 13,248. The very first rule related to the management of plastic waste emerged in 2011. Besides all these, the most alarming reality about plastic is that plastic is non-biodegradable. A review of microwave pyrolysis as a sustainable plastic waste management technique. Waste Manag Res. -. Energy recovery is mainly used as a benchmark in analysis, and the differences from other treatment methods are overviewed as global warming potential (GWP), energy use (EN), residual solid waste for landfill (SW), acidification potential (AP), and eutrophication potential (EP). Addition or alteration to country, regional & segment scope. ; Uding, N.; La Guardia, M.J. Inhalation a significant exposure route for chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants. Available online: Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO). Recycling of Plastic Waste: A Systematic Review Using Bibliometric Analysis. 2022 Sep 5;14(17):3676. doi: 10.3390/polym14173676. ; Methodology, I.T. After acquiring relevant publications, we created citation networks by treating the papers as nodes and the citations as links. ; Lai, W.L. TGA pyrolysis and gasification of combustible municipal solid waste. In India it is not possible to completely ban plastic, therefore we need strong rules regarding its management. The second subcluster is spectroscopy sorting (SS). Comm. Pet Waste Management by Chemical Recycling: A Review. Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things, Handbook of Green Materials, Vol 4: Biobased Composite Materials, Their Processing Properties and Industrial Applications. Vasudevan, R.; Sekar, A.R.C. The packaging end-use segment is anticipated to be the largest and fastest-growing segment over the forecast period. Plastic from WEEE is increasing rapidly, including in developing countries, and potential treatment of WEEE is being heavily studied. paper provides an outlook on future directions of research or possible applications. Under the new Rules, foodstuffs will not be allowed to be packed in recycled plastics or compostable plastics. ; Liang, Y.Q. Plastics, with their remarkable properties, have become a major doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.300. ; Chebib, H.; Ducruet, V. Rapid discrimination of plastic packaging materials using MIR spectroscopy coupled with independent components analysis (ICA). To enlarge the extent of the application to rural from urban area since waste from plastic is moving towards cities also. Science mapping of the top contributing countries: (. When we retrieved papers on plastic with the query of (plastic* OR chemical*) AND (recycl* OR circular economy) in Web of Science, we approximately have 56,000 papers as of 2021 and approximately 7700 new papers in a year. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is formulating international standards for the circular economy with the participation of many countries [, Under these circumstances, many papers on plastic recycling have been published, though researchers have differing classifications of plastic recycling methods. Developments in the life cycle assessment of chemical recycling of plastic waste e A review. ; Lettieri, P.; Baeyens, J. Arends, D.; Schlummer, M.; Maurer, A.; Markowski, J.; Wagenknecht, U. Characterisation and materials flow management for waste electrical and electronic equipment plastics from German dismantling centres. Practical recycling methods for PVC are currently limited to mechanical recycling; however, effective and economical pre-sorting is a challenge. Bioplastic degradation by a polyhydroxybutyrate depolymerase from a thermophilic soil bacterium. An official website of the United States government. Plastic Waste Management Market share is expected to drive at a CAGR of 4.5%, Drives by Increasing industrialization, Advanced system technologies used for the reprocessing, sorting, collection of recyclable plastics and Enhanced recycling rate till 2030. Plastic parts make up 1030% by weight of WEEE and are the second largest component after iron [, Halogen-based FR are known to be problematic, and BFR is especially widely used. and transmitted securely. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Waste Management and Technology (ICWMT), Mianyang, China, 2830 October 2015; pp. By country, we found that China and the United States had the highest number of papers. These services are performed under contracts ranging from one to five years or under a subscription basis wherein the customer directly contacts the service providers. Patel, M.; von Thienen, N.; Jochem, E.; Worrell, E. Recycling of plastics in Germany. Xiao S, Dong H, Geng Y, Francisco MJ, Pan H, Wu F. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. In addition, plastics bottle waste is used to produce polyester yarn, which is further used to produce green cloths. In contrast, countries other than Europe, the United States, and China (mostly developing countries) are in the top 10 of cluster 3, a notable divergence from clusters 1 and 2. In the third largest cluster (cluster 3), there is increasing research into the use of recycled plastic waste in the construction sector. These compartments form a simulated model that is solved using two collocation Waste Manag. As the fourth issue, we will discuss the necessity of global technology transfer of the research results of plastic recycling. Sustainability. Available online: Shi, J.J.; Zhang, C.; Chen, W.Q. See this image and copyright information in PMC. Our first key finding is that China and the United States are global leaders in many research fields. Epub 2021 Apr 1. The largest cluster (cluster 1) is on general issues of plastic recycling and includes subclusters such as the biodegradability of plastics, bioplastics, pyrolysis, and life cycle assessment (LCA). Singh, R.; Pant, D. Bio-inspired dechlorination of poly vinyl chloride. Blending with tough polymers or plasticizing block copolymerization improves the vulnerability of PLA [, Biodegradable PHAs have better mechanical/barrier properties than PLA, but only account for 1.4% of the bioplastics market. Read here to know more about the rules and regulations related to plastic waste management. Brennan, L.B. In addition, we discussed the necessity of global technology transfer. As a second perspective, we will discuss plastic methods from the view of sustainability and processing costs. Newman, M.E.J. The amount of post-consumer plastic waste per capita is the lowest among the top 10 countries. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Microplastic Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea, Capri, Italy, 2629 September 2017. Yin, S.; Tuladhar, R.; Shi, F.; Shanks, R.A.; Combe, M.; Collister, T. Mechanical Reprocessing of Polyolefin Waste: A Review. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aat0131. da Silva Mller Teixeira, F.; de Carvalho Peres, A.C.; Gomes, T.S. Production of oil with low organobromine content from the pyrolysis of flame retarded HIPS and ABS plastics. Fang, C.Q. PMC Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. However, in order to promote the international division of labor, it is critical that these research results be transferred to developing countries that import waste. A phosphorus-based FR is used as a non-halogen-based FR; however, it has been pointed out that phosphorus-based FR is also harmful to the human body, and no safe and versatile FR has thus far been found. The rules of 2016 come up aiming at certain objectives regarding the management of plastic waste at different levels. Bollinger, A.; Thies, S.; Knieps-Grunhagen, E.; Gertzen, C.; Kobus, S.; Hoppner, A.; Ferrer, M.; Gohlke, H.; Smits, S.H.J. Yarahmadi, N.; Jakubowicz, I.; Martinsson, L. PVC floorings as post-consumer products for mechanical recycling and energy recovery. Epub 2021 Dec 12. The recycling segment is anticipated to register the ; de Medeiros, G.A. Considering this situation, countries in Asia are starting to strictly limit plastic waste imports from other countries. Guidance for the Inventory of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (Pbdes) Listed under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants; 2017. Naoki Shibata, Y.K. In the theory of international cooperation, technology transfer in both directions between developed and developing countries is essential for realizing proper plastic waste treatment and recycling systems as well as to promote a circular economy. ; Marcos-Fernandez, A. Sivakumar, P.; Jung, H.; Tierney, J.W. eCollection 2018 Jun. See for yourself. We analyzed 21 clusters with more than 500 papers (total number of papers was 32,962, 92.8%), and we focused on six clusters related to plastic recycling. methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal The first subcluster is the recycling of WEEE. Cluster 1 was classified into six subclusters. Moreover, plastic waste management is a process that requires high capital investment to operate efficiently. ; Muto, A.; Williams, P.T. 2018;630:16411653. Getting the House in Order is one of such initiatives to address plastic waste management and help raise awareness about increasing pollution. ; Wang, G.W. ; Babu, P.R. ; Tay, C.Y. Poerschmann, J.; Weiner, B.; Koehler, R.; Kopinke, F.D. ; Pacheco, E.B.A.V. Extended Producers Responsibility (EPR) to provide the required finance to establish plastic waste collection centres. WebThe Plastic Waste Management market report provides a detailed analysis of global market size, regional and country-level market size, segmentation market growth, market share, A review on thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of plastic solid waste (PSW). The Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016 brings with it the strictest set of rules regarding the management of plastic waste. Pyrolysis is a relatively old subcluster (average publication year, 2013.5), but has the largest number of papers in cluster 1 (number of papers, 772). Environmental and Economic Life Cycle Analysis of Plastic Waste Management Options. A summary of the six subclusters is shown in, The first subcluster is recycling by pyrolysis and thermochemical recycling. Although there are criticisms that the use of plastic waste in the construction sector is not circular, considering the economic efficiency and environmental improvement effects associated with using recycled plastics in the construction sector, plastic waste that is not suitable for recycling can be used in construction. If these wastes are separated, they can be composted at the household or industrial level [, Global bioplastics production in 2018 was 2.11 million tons (MT) and is projected to reach 2.62 MT by 2023 [, The sixth subcluster is PVC recycling. Qin, Z.H. Paszun, D.; Spychaj, T. Chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate). As already seen, emerging subclusters in cluster 1 are subcluster 1-4 biodegradation of plastic (2018.7), and subcluster 1-5, bioplastics (2017.9); which are younger than the other subclusters such as subcluster 1-1, recycling by pyrolysis (2013.5). In addition, since cement paste and mortar, which are the main raw materials of concrete, are expensive, the amount of these expensive raw materials used can be reduced, and the construction cost can be suppressed by mixing plastics. China's ban of plastic waste imports caused import quantities to drop to 52 kt in 2018, simultaneously, exports from the largest exporting countries or regions such as Hong Kong (China), the USA, Japan, and Germany decreased. Yang, X.N. Lazarevic, D.; Aoustin, E.; Buclet, N.; Brandt, N. Plastic waste management in the context of a European recycling society: Comparing results and uncertainties in a life cycle perspective. The former should not impose their waste and the associated environmental and social burdens to the latter. Asia imported 74% of the plastic waste in the world in 2016, and China (mainland) imported the most plastic waste until 2017, with 5.8 to 8.3 Mt. To meet these challenges, in recent years, the Chinese government has tightened regulations on plastic waste and increased funding for research on how to deal with plastic waste, according to the head of a Chinese plastics industry association: China Plastics Processing Industry Association. To give accurate and practical information on the factors impacting the development of Plastic Waste Management Market. 2. For example, in subcluster 3-1, Use of recycled plastics in concrete, India ranks first, followed by Iraq (2nd), Malaysia (5th), Saudi Arabia (6th), and Algeria (10th). Service Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2016 - 2027), Polymer Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2016 - 2027), Source Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2016 - 2027), End-use Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2016 - 2027), Regional Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2016 - 2027), We never share your personal data. Shibata, N.; Kajikawa, Y.; Takeda, Y.; Matsushima, K. Comparative Study on Methods of Detecting Research Fronts Using Different Types of Citation. Faraca, G.; Martinez-Sanchez, V.; Astrup, T.F. The global COVID-19 pandemic has led to a sudden pause to manufacturing activities across the globe, affecting the demand for plastics and also production & processing of them. Use of plastic materials in sachets for storing, packing or selling gutkha, tobacco and pan masala has been banned. This ban, however, has brought some definite relief to the manifold environment conservationists worried about the numerous plastic sachets littering the roads. Growing commercial spaces such as malls, educational institutes, hospitals, office buildings, retail stores, hotels, and restaurants across the globe are anticipated to drive demand for plastic thereby generating a high amount of waste. The wordplasticis derived from theGreekword (plastikos) meaning capable of being shaped or molded. In recent years, the quantity of recycled plastics used for WPC has increased significantly in developed and developing countries [, In contrast to flexural strength, tensile strength, and hygroscopic properties, almost all studies show lower impact strength values for WPC made from recycled plastics than that made from virgin plastics [, The sixth cluster is recycling of FRP. ; Sherwani, A.F.H. Everard, M. Twenty Years of the Polyvinyl Chloride Sustainability Challenges. In order for the principle of global waste treatment to function, the exporting country should have the responsibility in capability development of waste treatment rather than (or in addition to) waste treatment itself. This research received no external funding. In the principle of local waste treatment, plastic waste should be handled responsibly and appropriately in the country where it is generated. ; Inomata, H.; Arai, K. Direct observation of polyvinylchloride degradation in water at temperatures up to 500 degrees C and at pressures up to 700 MPa. ; Kim, J.S. Li, C.; Wang, L.; Zhao, J.S. ; Mun, T.Y. ; Tang, S.X. Kubatova, A.; Lagadec, A.J.M. Before Value Chain Dev. It appears that countries with low economic capacity have high expectations for these technologies. 3. Polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable bioplastic, has inferior mechanical/barrier properties when compared to the existing petroleum-derived plastics. In particular, BFR have been found to be harmful to ecosystems and humans, accumulating in the body [, Mechanical recycling is the most desirable method for treating EEE plastic waste, and most of the recycling currently performed is mechanical recycling [, A sorting method using infrared rays or X-rays has been extensively studied in recent years [, Research on BFR chemical recycling can be broadly divided into three methods [. ; Zhang, C.; Ma, Z.J. Several steps and measures are taken by the Indian Government to ensure that the mining sector becomes environmentally sustainable. Classification of polymers by determining of C-1: C-2: CN: H: N: O ratios by laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (LIPS). Recycled plastic has a wide variety of usage in producing cloths, carpets, garbage bags, films, containers, and bottles. Both are young research fields. Mechanical recycling is the most desirable method for treating WEEE plastic, and most of the recycling currently performed is mechanical recycling. Asia; Material flow; Plastic waste; Waste trade. MeSH The Indian government is making continuous efforts to treat this menace in the most productive and harmless way. ; Lim, M.K. Life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis of recycled solid waste materials in highway pavement: A review. Endres, H.-J. ; Visconte, L.L.Y. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine Xu, W.; Chen, W.Q. The reason the number of publications ranks 10th could be that it has the smallest population among the top 10 countries. ; Wang, H.; Fu, J.G. ; Salvacion, J.W.L. Newer and more efficient methods of waste management are also Why Turkey should not import plastic waste pollution from developed countries? 1. ; Sundarakannan, B.; Velkennedy, R. A technique to dispose waste plastics in an ecofriendly wayApplication in construction of flexible pavements. The resultant product does not form toxic chlorination-inducing compounds. This is the tribocharging phenomenon, also known as contact electrification or frictional electrification [, PVC can be hazardous depending on how it is processed, making its sorting and recycling an important challenge. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Analysis of plastic waste management: Utilization, issues Subst. Spectroscopy can handle many kinds of plastic waste, which may help explain the increase of recent publications. Properties of lightweight aggregate concrete prepared with PVC granules derived from scraped PVC pipes. ; Manjarrez, Y.; de los Rios, J.P.; Fieser, M.E. The biodegradability and mechanical properties of the combined compounds improve the performance of starch and other bioplastics [, Biodegradable polymers from bioplastics are also being industrialized. ; Pietrasanta, Y.; Robin, J.J.; Boutevin, B. Your transaction & personal information is safe and secure. Until economically viable options are researched, the United States should intensively implement already existing technology through policy to mitigate the accumulation and environmental impacts of landfill waste. Complimentary 10 hours free analyst time for market review, 3. Anzano, J.; Lasheras, R.J.; Bonilla, B.; Casas, J. However, glycolysis produces undesirable products such as diethylene glycol and dimers of EG, which pose challenges in terms of separation and purification [, Aminolysis of PET produces diamides of TA and EG. Industrial plastic waste generally consists of containers, pipes, cables, wires, packaging foams, and other industrial products. Subclusters 2-2, 2-3, and 2-4 are research topics on pre-sorting methods required before recycling plastic waste, which are important in both mechanical, chemical, and electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) waste recycling. Rising population, creating a circular economy, and a spike in income levels all contribute to the market growth. It is well known that two materials with different surface properties become charged when they come into contact. The government of India aims at it by making some rule: According to the Plastic Waste Management Rules 2016, there was an unqualified fine imposed for carrying plastic bags but this was removed with the aid of a rectification. Research into plastic recycling is rapidly increasing as ocean and land pollution and ecosystem degradation from plastic waste is becoming a serious concern. Available online: Garcia, D.; Balart, R.; Crespo, J.E. These rules were further copy-edited in 2016[1]. WEEE is made up of a variety of recyclable components such as iron and non-iron materials, glass, and plastics. Even the big Municipal Corporations failed to play their part as per the procedure laid down in the rules. Available online: Shen, L.; Worrell, E.; Patel, M.K. Although much research has been done on the use of recycled plastics in concrete, there are few papers on their field applications. There are two points common to each subcluster in. Many chemical recycling methods have been proposed for the recycling and detoxification of PVC, but they have not reached the level of industrialization. Hearn, G.L. Especially, biodegradability is the most emerging topic with the average year of publication being 2018. Faraj, R.H.; Ali, H.F.H. ABSTRACT The study was analysis of plastic waste management in the Bolgatanga Municipality. Therefore noticing the threat which plastic carries against the environment, the need for a separate set of rules dealing only with plastic waste was the need of the hour. Especially research on the use of plastics in the field of construction that is actively being conducted in developing countries. 8600 Rockville Pike ; Yu, T.U. ; Hanafi, I.; Mahmoud, R.; Tayeh, B.A. Recycled carry bags shall conform to specific BIS standards. Use of artificial intelligence is a key trend gaining popularity in the plastic waste management market, as per the plastic waste management market trend analysis. Recycling of WEEE plastics: A review. Despite the launching of the Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016 which are mirrored as very efficient and effective in paper failed to achieve their target with respect to many towns and cities, there are many different reasons for its failure. Clean. ; Siddiqu, M.N. Several field projects have so far been carried out in India, South Africa, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, and other countries, with positive performance results in terms of workability, constructability, and sustainability [, In cluster 4, recycling methods (chemical, mechanical, etc.) articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without Conversely, using landfills is the most undesirable strategy because of the associated environmental and human health concerns. Available online. Therefore, it is necessary for both exporters and importers to take responsibility and build a traceability system for handling plastic waste. Gondal, M.A. Please let us know what you think of our products and services. Economic development and growth have increased the demand for and dependence on plastics, and global production and consumption of plastics has increased dramatically over the past decades. Comparing life cycle energy and GHG emissions of bio-based PET, recycled PET, PLA, and man-made cellulosics. Village Panchayat is given the duty to make people follow these rules. Use of recycled plastic as fine aggregate in cementitious composites: A review. Tang Z., Li W., Tam V.W.Y., Xue C. Advanced progress in recycling municipal and construction solid wastes for manufacturing sustainable construction materials. However, the immediate need of the hour is a more forceful implementation of the law which has been, as visible even the national capital of New Delhi, lackadaisically enforced by Government. Disadvantages of plastic waste disposal in landfills. Safavi, S.M. Baloch, H.A. ; Xie, Y.L. ; Maksimov, A.L. In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader. Asia Pacific is expected to dominate the market and anticipated to witness a robust CAGR of 3.4% over the forecast period on account of rapid industrialization along with the imposition of stringent laws pertaining to plastic waste management, and disposal processes. Removal of organobromine compounds from the pyrolysis oils of flame retarded plastics using zeolite catalysts. The second issue is whether plastic waste should be treated nationally or globally. Recycling of PET and PVC wastes. ; Qiao, Q.; Zhang, J.Q. Xi, X.X. The United States is considered to be more advanced than China in research into new academic fields. Plastic waste management refers to approaches and methodologies used to reprocess plastic material instead of dumping it into landfills, or waterways, or otherwise left in open to contaminate the environment. ; Chen, M.H. Choose reports from a database of more than 10,000 reports. ; Stelzer, F.; Wiesbrock, F. Poly(hydroxy alkanoate)s in Medical Applications. The first issue is the discussion of countries with a large number of papers, comparing them with the plastic waste disposal situation, such as the recycling rate and landfill rate. Two-stage air gasification of mixed plastic waste: Olivine as the bed material and effects of various additives and a nickel-plated distributor on the tar removal. Thomas GM, Quirk S, Huard DJE, Lieberman RL. Jaidev, K.; Biswal, M.; Mohanty, S.; Nayak, S.K. ; Chao, C.Y.H. Impact of BrominatedFlame Retardants on theRecycling of WEEE Plastics. Flowchart of plastic waste management from generation to landfill/shredding [63]. Flowchart of various management strategies for shredded plastic [63]. Available online: Caputto, M.D.D. Cluster 3 consists of two subclusters, Use of recycled plastics in concrete (average publication year, 2017.1) and Use of recycled plastics in asphalt (average publication year, 2017.5). Rapid industrialization, rising urbanization, and increasing concern towards the environmental impact of improper plastic waste management are anticipated to drive the market over the forecast period. Schyns, Z.O.G. Almeshal, I.; Tayeh, B.A. In the principle of local waste treatment, the country where the plastic is consumed and discarded should be responsible for processing the waste. Materials (Basel). 2023 Jan 1;216(Pt 2):114496. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114496. 2022; 14(24):16340. X. Production of low-tar producer gas from air gasification of mixed plastic waste in a two-stage gasifier using olivine combined with activated carbon. Innov. ; Launay, F.; Wuebben, D.; Ngadi, N.; Rams, J.; Munoz, M. Plastic waste recycling via pyrolysis: A bibliometric survey and literature review. The cost at which recycled plastic can be created is generally stable, while the cost of virgin plastic fluctuates based on the performance of the oil and gas industry and the demand for crude oil-based products across the end-use industries. ; Williams, P.T. In its 2023s Best States at Managing Waste report, lawn care startup LawnStarter ranked states based on 28 metrics in four categories: Policies, Facilities, Recycling and Waste. Springer; Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany: 2017. India, which ranks seventh in number of publications, has a low recycling rate, although there is a wide range. ; Chen, S.Q. However, with the rapid increase in plastic consumption and application every year, establishing appropriate recycling system of plastic waste is an urgent task, and considerable research efforts are being made to achieve this. Several numerical models have been proposed, but there is much more that still needs to be investigated. Numerous studies have reported that the use of plastics in asphalt improves strength and durability, and there are even examples of its real-world application in road construction. PlasticsThe Facts 2020: An Analysis of European Plastics Production, Demand and Waste Data. The Role of Biodegradable Plastic in Solving Plastic Solid Waste Accumulation, Biopolymers: Processing and Products Introduction. Pathways of Chemical Recycling of Polyvinyl Chloride: Part 1. J. ; Ning, Z.; Tso, C.Y. Ghahri, S.; Najafi, S.K. Adhikary, K.B. The disadvantage of mechanical recycling is that the recycled plastics is inferior to virgin plastics in terms of material properties such as strength, smell, purity, and color [, Chemical recycling routes involving pyrolysis [, In addition to the approaches mentioned above, there is an increasing interest in biological recycling. Concrete applications are a more intensely studied research topic than asphalt applications. Based on the source, the plastic waste management market is segmented into residential, commercial, and industrial. ; Bermudez, M.S. Effect of partial replacement of sand by plastic waste on impact resistance of concrete: Experiment and simulation. The draft rules namely the Plastics (Manufacture, Usage and Waste Management) Rules, 2009 were published by the Government of India on 17th September, 2009 in the Gazette of India. Modern Information Retrieval: A Brief Overview. Air gasification of mixed plastic wastes using a two-stage gasifier for the production of producer gas with low tar and a high caloric value. It doesnt break down. The most noteworthy attribute of the 2016 rules is that the people engaged in the manufacturing of plastic and the retail establishments that utilize plastic as their essential constitute are bound by the law to adhere to the process of gathering back the waste generated from plastic known as Extended Producer Responsibility. No special ; Park, S.S.; Yang, W.; Do Lee, U. Gasification of Mixed Plastic Wastes in a Moving-Grate Gasifier and Application of the Producer Gas to a Power Generation Engine. ; Yang, T.H. A high modularity means that the connections within a cluster are dense and the connections between clusters are sparse. New characterisation method of electrical and electronic equipment wastes (WEEE). Companies in the market, position themselves based on services offered, which includes the depth of recycling, treatment, and disposal management capabilities, ability to collect and transport plastic waste efficiently, quality of service, and pricing. Future research must focus on PVC preselection and chemical recycling to solve these problems. Zakharyan, E.M.; Petrukhina, N.N. Advanced technologies and frameworks utilized for the reprocessing, arranging, and assortment of recyclable plastics are creating new opportunities in the market for plastic waste management. Development of a method for Separation of PVC and PET using flame treatment and flotation. The effects of reprocessing cycles on the structure and properties of polystyrene/Cloisite 15A nanocomposites. Wang, H.; Zhang, Y.S. ; Chen, L.; Liu, W.; Cui, Z.J. Shamsuyeva, M.; Endres, H.J. ; Rorrer, N.A. UNEP. Kumagai, S.; Yoshioka, T. Chemical Feedstock Recovery from Hard-to-Recycle Plastics through Pyrolysis-Based Approaches and Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography. ; Park, J.K. PVC removal from mixed plastics by triboelectrostatic Separation. 2019;208:6576. Technol. Unlike surface modification, physical regulation is based on essential physical properties and does not involve chemical reactions. There is a consensus among researchers that recycled plastics, when properly blended with asphalt under optimal conditions, significantly improves the performance and longevity of asphalt pavements [, There are two methods of paving with asphalt-containing plastics [, Since the effects and characteristics of asphalt mixtures differ depending on the type of plastics used, research has been conducted according to the type of plastic. The recycling rate of plastic in the country is very less as compared to the overall plastic waste generation in the country. Anzano, J.; Casanova, M.E. Several issues remain, including the improvement of mechanical properties, long-term behavior change of mechanical properties, improvement of durability, development of additives to compensate for these shortcomings, elucidation of the optimal shape and size of plastics to mitigate performance degradation, and heat insulation and sound insulation properties [, The second subcluster is the utilization of recycled plastics in asphalt. As much as 24.4% of plastic waste may have been released into the environment without proper treatment, which constitutes a significant issue for environment and human health. Ittipanuvat, V.; Fujita, K.; Sakata, I.; Kajikawa, Y. A Novel Polyester Hydrolase From the Marine Bacterium Pseudomonas aestusnigriStructural and Functional Insights. Available online: Kumar, S.; Singh, E.; Mishra, R.; Kumar, A.; Caucci, S. Utilization of Plastic Wastes for Sustainable Environmental Management: A Review. ; Cassiano, L.C. The advantage of this principle is a normative one. Al-Salem, S.M. Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. It has received a massive protest from the tobacco industry in India. https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess. A Systematic Review of the Research Development on the Application of Machine Learning for Concrete. ; Levin, D.B. In, The burden by plastic waste has not been distributed equally, but mainly in China. ; Paes, M.X. Wang, Z.H. The recycling segment is anticipated to register the fastest growth of rate 4.9% over the forecast period owing to stringent government policies and a significant rise in infrastructure for recycling plastic. ; Sharma, B.K. Polaris Market Feature Papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. Weaknesses. Research into this field is ongoing [, Dechlorination by catalytic hydrogenation is an environmentally friendly approach for the removal of organochlorines from chlorinated compounds. Use of selected waste materials in concrete mixes. ; de Oliveira, B.O.S. The use of granulated plastic waste in structural concrete. We collected bibliographic data from academic publications related to plastic recycle. Mechanical properties of recycled PVC blends with styrenic polymers. Subcluster 2-1 is similar to cluster 1 in this respect. 178184. On the other hand, the use of recycled plastic mixed with concrete results in inferior strength and durability, and there are few reports of actual field applications. High-quality polyene films prepared by poly (ethylene glycol)s catalyzed dehydrochlorination of poly (vinyl chloride) with potassium hydroxide. The plastic waste imported by Asia declined about 72% in monetary value in 2018. ; Yang, Y. Microbial Degradation and Valorization of Plastic Wastes. However, the definition of bioplastics varies from study to study [, Since bioplastics are derived from non-fossil resources such as plants that absorb carbon dioxide, they have the advantage of being generally carbon-neutral even if bioplastic waste is energy recovered or incinerated [, Examples of non-biodegradable bioplastics are bio-PET and bio-PE. 1996-2022 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated. Similarly, technological progress into chemical recycling is increasing, for example there is rapid development in using pyrolysis at lower temperatures. The impact of China's import ban: An economic surplus analysis of markets for recyclable plastics. ByRavi Boolchandani,Amity Law School, Delhi. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches and propose necessary measures for sustainable and responsible production and consumption of plastics such as waste traceability system and technology transfer between developed and developing countries. The contact electrification of polymers and the depth of charge penetration. Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO). official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Takeda, Y.; Kajikawa, Y. Tracking modularity in citation networks. The players in the market for plastic waste management provide residential, commercial, and industrial plastic waste collection services. Barrett, A. PepsiCo Goes for Bioplastic Bottles. The third subcluster is flotation separation. Park, C.H. Critical Review on Polylactic Acid: Properties, Structure, Processing, Biocomposites, and Nanocomposites. Using bibliometrics analysis, we synthesized an overview of 35,519 publications on plastic recycling, identified emerging topics, and conducted a comprehensive review to elucidate research trends and key issues. ; Kim, J.S. Such a manifesto system will greatly help ensure international traceability of plastic waste. The citation per paper ratio is also the largest (4.8), which makes this subcluster the central theme in cluster 1. IPSOS. 2022 Dec;40(12):1680-1707. doi: 10.1177/0734242X221105415. According to the study of the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry, the consumption of plastic increased 11 kg as in 2014-15 to 20 kg as in 2020 (per capita). Ru, J.K.; Huo, Y.X. -, Zhao Y., Tan Y., Feng S. Does reducing air pollution improve the progress of sustainable development in China? ; Siddiqui, M.N. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Grand View Research Inc. Discounted price for multiple reports across domains, 2. Recycled FRP is beginning to be used in applications such as aircraft, automobiles, wind turbines, construction, household goods and sporting goods. Total Environ. Given the ubiquity of food packaging and daily necessities that surround us, plastics have become an indispensable material in many industries such as construction, engineering, medical, automotive, and aerospace. Singhal, A. For The United Nations has also taken initiatives to control plastic waste generation and its management globally followed by various nations. The reaction is carried out in the temperature range of 20100 C by methods using amines and water, including methylamine, ethylamine, and ethanolamine [, Each chemical recycling method has advantages and disadvantages. Melchor-Martnez EM, Macas-Garbett R, Alvarado-Ramrez L, Arajo RG, Sosa-Hernndez JE, Ramrez-Gamboa D, Parra-Arroyo L, Alvarez AG, Monteverde RPB, Cazares KAS, Reyes-Mayer A, Yez Lino M, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldvar R. Polymers (Basel). ; Wang, H.; Liu, Q.; Fu, J.G. The amount of post-consumer plastic waste per capita is close to the average of the top 10 countries. Selective flotation Separation of plastics by chemical conditioning with methyl cellulose. Finding linkage between technology and social issue: A Literature Based Discovery approach. Kalantar, Z.N. ; Bui, T.D. Moharir, R.V. The International Bromine Council. Picon, A.; Ghita, O.; Whelan, P.F. Spectroscopy sorting is being intensively studied in Europe. ; Ruan, J.L. Yunyukisei ha Genkakumo, Kokunaikisei no Unyou Niha Kadai. In addition, it is important to ensure the traceability of the flow of waste and waste treatment. Fast algorithm for detecting community structure in networks. Soc. ; Tajvidi, M.; Hamidina, E. Effect of temperature, plastic type and virginity on the water uptake of sawdust/plastic composites. MDPI and/or In addition to non-biodegradability, [1] plastic exists in gargantuan quantity,[2] it is a threat to aquatic life. Resour. In order to realize a global circular economy, we proposed and discussed the principle of local waste treatment, the principle of global waste treatment, and global technology transfer. We used data collected with the query (plastic* OR chemical*) AND (recycl* OR circular economy) by using academic database Web of Science. 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